The use of shear connectors or shear connector studs is common in many different applications. These are the connectors that are used when two different types of materials are being joined. In most cases, this is concrete and steel, but it can include other types of alloys as well as different composites.
The use of shear studs connecting concrete to steel is used in bridge construction to develop a secure, strong bridge deck. The same type of construction technology is also used in high rise and industrial buildings where there is a steel frame and structural material and concrete or pre-poured slabs.
The Basics
The design of shear studs is very basic. It includes a rounded head and a long, unthreaded body or shaft. The length and overall size of the shear connector will be specified based on the shear force that will be present for a particular application. The engineering team for the project will stipulate the length, diameter and even the spacing pattern of the studs.
The use of shear studs prevents the concrete and steel from shearing or from moving separately from each other. With the head of the stud welded to the metal and the shaft of the stud used to anchor the concrete, the two-different materials act as one.
This prevents twisting of the two different materials and, more importantly, it prevents sagging or dipping in the middle of long spans. When concrete and steel are held together, they are stronger than either material on its own, which is why this combination is ideal for bridge and large building construction.
Most shear connectors are made of stainless steel or mild steel. Both are good options depending on the specific project. With the use of a ceramic ferrule around the base of the stud during welding, the welds are precise, complete and without holes or cavities, creating a very durable and lasting weld.